Java is one of the most popular programming languages today and is perennially in the top three of the most popular programming languages. A good java programmer cannot develop safer and more efficient code without knowledge of testing frameworks. One of the most important reasons for using these testing frameworks is to reduce the possibility of errors, increase development efficiency, and reduce development costs. In this article, we will introduce the most common testing frameworks used for Java testing.
1. Selenium
Selenium is a free open source testing framework for testing web applications based on different platforms.Selenium’s biggest advantage is in automating testing of web applications.Selenium is not only a tool but also a complete suite that can complement your R&D testing needs.Selenium is widely used mainly because it is Selenium is also cross-platform and can be used on all systems, and can be run in conjunction with other tools in Java such as docker and maven.
Benefits:
- Multi-browser support
- Multiple language and framework support
- Ease of use
- Better integration and reusability
- Active community and frequent updates
Cons:
- Cumbersome to create, usually time consuming when creating test cases, but of course there are just a few steps once you are familiar with it.
- Lack of built-in reporting tools
- Only available for web applications
2. Serenity
Serenity provides an open source platform for behavior-driven testing, earlier known as Thucydides. serenity allows writing clear and structured acceptance criteria for test automation projects. In addition, the framework has the ability to enhance WebDriver and JUnit functionality, and also allows users to create descriptive test reports.
Benefits:
- support for a variety of automated acceptance testing solutions
- Quickly create documentation after testing
- can be easily integrated with a variety of other frameworks
Cons:
- Takes longer to create functional documentation
- Constant communication must be maintained between project participants
3.JUnit
Junit is currently the most widely used unit testing framework, subject to its original intent, Junit’s framework is designed to perform unit tests, developers can pass code fragments in the path by function or method. When executing a test-driven approach, it is personally recommended that the unit test code be completed in advance of writing the actual code. In the normal order, after the developer writes the code, the test cases need to be executed before the code snippet can be run. Each time new code is added, the test cases are run again to ensure that all test scenarios are passed and that the code is clean before the code is allowed to be uploaded to the git repository. the Junit framework is different because it allows for faster and more efficient execution than other similar frameworks.
Benefits:
- JUnit provides support for testing breakpoints allowed
- Junit provides more complete test reporting
- Junit is a simplified framework for deploying automated testing scenarios
- Junit has the ability to write automatic verification test cases
Disadvantages:
- Junit does not appear as flexible when using relatively large test suites
- Junit does not have the ability to generate HTML reports after testing, which is a godsend for non-R&D personnel
- Junit does not support dependency testing
4. TestNG
TestNG is an open source testing framework and inspired by two other well-known frameworks - JUnit and NUnit - with some new additional features. Derived from the name NG stands for Next Generation, TestNG does not disappoint in proving its testing prowess. testNG testing process is also not very complex, we can request a test database or front-end to test scenarios through the framework. HTML reports can also be extracted, which is very useful for project managers, product managers and other delivery personnel.
Benefits:
- Support for parallel testing
- Support for log generation
- Ability to create post-test HTML reports
- Underlying test cases can be combined together
- Ability to set the priority of test case execution
Cons:
- More time required to set up TestNG (very painful process for newbies)
- Not recommended if you don’t need to prioritize test cases.
5. Cucumber
Cucumber is a testing framework written in Ruby and is very popular with testers because it provides a unified documentation and specification standard and a reporting document. In addition, the specification standard is automatically updated.
Benefits:
- Friendly readability
- Supports step reusability, reducing the need to write the same code over and over again
- Can use a number of examples to complete automated tests
Cons:
- cucumber integration with Gherkin adds complexity to the framework
- testers/developers care more about writing code that can be reused in simple generic code that gets the job done scenarios.
6. JBehave
This is a Java native based testing framework used in conjunction with the selenium driver and supports Behavior Driven Development (BDD). jBehave provides a more friendly reporting feature which means that reports can be generated in XML, HTML or text format.
Benefits:
- Helps users to provide excellent documentation
- Supports post-test HTML report generation
- JBehave is efficient and easy to use
- Out-of-the-box JUnit support
Cons:
- Does not support characterization features, only event integrity, which in turn may lead to errors in the application or contradict the actual business requirements, eventually leading to all parties blaming each other (dumping).
7. Mockito
Mockito is an open source Java-based behavior-driven testing framework. The main feature of the framework is that mock objects are created automatically, without having to create them explicitly.
Benefits:
- support for exceptions
- can use annotations to create mock objects
- provide basic support for the return value
- mock objects do not need to be written manually
Cons:
- Simulation of local variables is not supported
- Private and static methods are not supported
- Cannot manipulate private fields for subclasses we write.